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Campylobacter and Salmonella in scavenging indigenous chickens in rural central Tanzania: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genomic features

By E. Rukambile, V. Sintchenko, G. Muscatello, QinNing Wang, J. Kiiru, W. Maulaga, B. Magidanga, G. Banda, R. Kock, R. Alders

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Category Journal Articles
Abstract

Introduction: Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. are commonly reported bacterial foodborne pathogens causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In rural areas, where there is a high occurrence rate of human–animal interactions and poor hygiene practices, shedding animals present a high risk to humans in acquiring animal-associated infections. Materials and methods: Seasonal prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Salmonella spp. in scavenging indigenous chicken faeces was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance was studied in Salmonella isolates by disc diffusion method, and whole-genome sequenced isolates were used to determine Salmonella serovars, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, and plasmid profile. Results: The overall prevalence of Campylobacter in chickens was 7.2% in the dry season and 8.0% in the rainy season (p = 0.39), and that of Salmonella was 11.1% in the dry season and 16.2% in the rainy season (p = 0.29). Salmonella serovars detected were II 35:g,m,s,t:-, Ball, Typhimurium, Haardt/Blockley, Braenderup, and Enteritidis/Gallinarum. One S. II 35:g,m,s,t:- isolate was resistant to ampicillin and the rest were either intermediate resistant or pansusceptible to the tested antimicrobials. The resistance genes observed were CatA, tetJ, and fosA7, most common in Ball than in other serovars. Seven plasmids were identified, more common in serovar Ball and less common in II 35:g,m,s,t:-. Serovar II 35:g,m,s,t:- isolates were missing some of the virulence genes important for Salmonella pathogenicity found in other serovars isolated. Conclusion: PCR detection of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in chickens necessitate the improvement of hygiene at the household level and reducing human–chicken interaction as a strategy of preventing humans from acquiring chicken-associated bacteria, which would enter the human food chain. Infrequent use of antimicrobials in this type of poultry is most likely the reason for the low rates of antimicrobial resistance observed in this study.

Date 2021
Publication Title Microbiology Research
Volume 12
Issue 2
Pages 440-454
Publisher MDPI
DOI 10.3390/microbiolres12020030
Language English
Author Address School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.erukambile@gmail.com Vitali.Sintchenko@health.nsw.gov.au gary.muscatello@sydney.edu.au qinning.wang@health.nsw.gov.au kyirow@gmail.com wendesamanga@gmail.com bishopignas@gmail.com gracejoshuabanda@yahoo.com rkock@rvc.ac.uk robyn.alders@gmail.com
Additional Language English
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Tags
  1. Agriculture
  2. Animals
  3. Antibiotics
  4. Antimicrobials
  5. Areas
  6. Bacteria
  7. Birds
  8. Contamination
  9. Detection
  10. Diseases
  11. Drugs
  12. Feces
  13. Food science
  14. Food supply
  15. Fowls
  16. Genes
  17. Health
  18. Households
  19. Humans
  20. Hygiene
  21. Infectious diseases
  22. Interactions
  23. Mammals
  24. Meat production
  25. Men
  26. morbidity
  27. mortality
  28. open access
  29. pathogens
  30. Poultry
  31. Primates
  32. prokaryotes
  33. public
  34. residues
  35. rural areas
  36. Rural Health
  37. Salmonella
  38. seasons
  39. Techniques
  40. toxicology
  41. vertebrates
  42. Veterinary sciences
Badges
  1. open access