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The Identification and Application of Generalizable Spatial Patterns of Human-Wildlife Conflict
| Contributor(s):: Vivian F. Hawkinson
Many human-wildlife conflict studies focus on one location or one individual species or taxonomic group; fewer comparative studies analyze patterns of conflict across species and regions. As a result, numerous studies report similar conclusions across diverse cases of human-wildlife conflict. I...
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Impacts of Elephant Crop-Raiding on Subsistence Farmers and Approaches to Reduce Human-Elephant Farming Conflict in Sagalla, Kenya
| Contributor(s):: Sophia Weinmann
As human and elephant populations grow in Kenya, elephants increasingly leave parks to eat farmers’ crops while foraging, which creates epicenters of human-elephant conflict (HEC). This conflict compromises farmers’ food and economic security, impedes elephant conservation...
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Spatial Associations of Livestock Guardian Dogs and Domestic Sheep
| Contributor(s):: Julie Young, John P. Draper, Daniel Kinka
Livestock guardian dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; LGDs) have been used for centuries to protect livestock, primarily domestic sheep (Ovis aries), from depredation by large carnivores. While previous studies have shown their efficacy, the mechanisms in which LGDs protect livestock have largely...
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Wolf Media Coverage in the Region of Castilla y León (Spain): Variations over Time and in Two Contrasting Socio-Ecological Settings
| Contributor(s):: Miguel Delibes-Mateos
People’s attitudes towards large carnivores, and thus public support for their conservation, can be influenced by how these species are framed in the media. Therefore, assessing media coverage of large carnivores is of particular interest for their coexistence with humans. I used content...
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Human-Wildlife Conflict in and Around Borena Sayint National Park, Northern Ethiopia
| Contributor(s):: Ayenew Biset, Girma Mengesha, Zerihun Girma
We identified causes, impact, and traditional management measures of human– wildlife conflict (HWC) in and around Borena Sayint National Park, Ethiopia. We employed questionnaires, focus group discussions, direct observations, and key informant interviews to collect data. The respondents...
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Animal Welfare in Predator Control: Lessons from Land and Sea. How the Management of Terrestrial and Marine Mammals Impacts Wild Animal Welfare in Human–Wildlife Conflict Scenarios in Europe
| Contributor(s):: Laetitia Nunny
The control of predators, on land and in the sea, is a complex topic. Both marine and terrestrial mammal predators come into conflict with humans in Europe in many ways and yet their situations are rarely compared. Areas of conflict include the predation of livestock and farmed fish, and the...
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Living with Giants: Human-Elephant Conflict and Poaching in Myanmar
| Contributor(s):: Christie Lynn Sampson
To address both the impacts of poaching on the wildlife and human populations and create effective conservation policy, conservation efforts must engage communities and include their views as stakeholders in the development of the policy. The involvement of local people has been shown to...
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Spatial Concentrations of Wildlife Attacks on Humans in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
| Contributor(s):: Aleš Ruda, Jaromír Kolejka, Thakur Silwal
The study was conducted within and adjacent to Chitwan National Park in Nepal (CNP), where several wildlife species are involved in conflicts with humans. We assessed the spatial relationships between the number of victims/km2 (=victim density or VD) of attack by wildlife (elephant, rhino,...
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Human-Carnivore Relations: Conflicts, Tolerance and Coexistence in the American West
| Contributor(s):: Mónica Expósito-Granados, Antonio J Castro, Jorge Lozano, Jose A Aznar-Sanchez, Neil H Carter, Juan M Requena-Mullor, Aurelio F Malo, Agnieszka Olszańska, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Marcos Moleón, José A Sánchez-Zapata, Ainara Cortés-Avizanda, Joern Fischer, Berta Martín-López
Carnivore and humans live in proximity due to carnivore recovery efforts and ongoing human encroachment into carnivore habitats globally. The American West is a region that uniquely exemplifies these human-carnivore dynamics, however, it is unclear how the research community here integrates...
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When Human-Leopard Conflict Turns Deadly: A Cross-Country Situational Analysis
| Contributor(s):: Julie S. Viollaz
Habitat destruction and pollution are two of the main causes for the decline of the planet’s biodiversity. Yet environmentalists are now recognizing that illegal wildlife killings, both poaching and retaliatory killings due to human-wildlife conflict, are perhaps the next major threat....
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Human/wildlife conflict: an overlooked historical context for the UK's bovine TB problem
| Contributor(s):: Angela Cassidy
The question of whether to cull wild badgers (Meles meles) in order to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle has been deeply contentious since infections in the two species were first linked in the 1970s, and is now the subject of an escalating public controversy in the UK....
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Improving Human-Wildlife Interactions by Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts
| Contributor(s):: Terry Messmer
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Methods for Managing Human–Deer Conflicts in Urban, Suburban, and Exurban Areas
| Contributor(s):: Geoff D. Westerfield, Justin M. Shannon, Orrin V. Duvuvuei, Thomas A. Decker, Nathan P. Snow, Erin D. Shank, Brian F. Wakeling, H. Bryant White
This monograph identifies challenges and benefits associated with many human–deer conflict mitigation actions as well as methods to monitor the response of deer populations to management actions. Deer exploit urban, suburban, and exurban areas where human populations provide anthropogenic...
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Assessing Owl Collisions with US Civil and US Air Force Aircraft
| Contributor(s):: Kimberly E. Linnell
Collisions between wildlife and aircraft (wildlife strikes) pose notable risks. Previous research has found that a variety of birds and mammals are involved in wildlife strikes, but no comprehensive evaluation of collisions between owl and aircraft (owl strikes) has been conducted. We queried...
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Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan
| Contributor(s):: Tauheed Ullah Khan, Xiaofeng Luan, Shahid Ahmad, Abdul Mannan, Waqif Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Barkat Ullah Khan, Emad Ud Din, Suman Bhattarai, Sher Shah, Sajjad Saeed, Ummay Amara
Pastoralist–wolf conflict over livestock depredation is the main factor affecting conservation of grey wolf worldwide. Very limited research has been carried out to evaluate the pattern and nature of livestock depredation by wolf. This study aims to determine the status and nature of...
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Human-Black Bear Conflicts
| Contributor(s):: Carl W. Lackey, Stewart W. Breck, Brian F. Wakeling, Bryant White
Most human–black bear (Ursus americanus) conflict occurs when people make anthropogenic foods like garbage, dog food, domestic poultry, or fruit trees available to bears. Bears change their behavior to take advantage of these resources and may damage property or cause public safety...
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Evaluating lethal and nonlethal management options for urban coyotes
| Contributor(s):: Stewart W. Breck, Sharon A. Poessel, Mary Ann Bonnell
Human–coyote (Canis latrans) conflict in urban environments is a growing issue in cities throughout the United States, with the primary problem being the development of problem individuals that are overly bold and aggressive with people and pets. Little research has focused on management...
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Human–Black Bear Conflicts: A Review of Common Management Practices
| Contributor(s):: Carl W. Lackey, Stewart W. Breck, Brian F. Wakeling, Bryant White
The objective of this monograph is to provide wildlife professionals, who respond to human–bear conflicts, with an appraisal of the most common techniques used for mitigating conflicts as well as the benefits and challenges of each technique in a single document. Most human–black...
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State Management of Human–Wildlife Conflicts
| Contributor(s):: Kurt C. VerCauteren, Daniel Hirchert, Scott Hygnstrom
Many positive experiences are associated with wildlife, from passively watching animals in our backyards to actively hunting in publicly owned forests. Unfortunately, wildlife can be a double- edged sword. Human– wildlife conflicts are pervasive in society, and nearly all...
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Large Terrestrial Bird Adapting Behavior in an Urbanized Zone
| Contributor(s):: Eduardo R. Alexandrino, Juliano A. Bogoni, Ana B. Navarro, Alex A. A. Bovo, Rafael M. Gonçalves, Jacob D. Charters, Juan A. Domini, Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz
Wildlife living within urban ecosystems have to adapt or perish. Red-legged Seriema, a large terrestrial bird, are rare in urban ecosystems, however, they have been reported in a medium-sized Brazilian city. We investigated the reasons for this occurrence as well as their behavior. We assessed...
