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Enclosure design and space utilization by Indian leopards ( Panthera pardus ) in four zoos in Southern India
Contributor(s):: Avanti, Mallapur, Qamar, Qureshi, Ravi, Chellam
Enclosure design and the use of enclosure space influence the activity budget of captive leopards. The study laid out in grids all enclosures on the base map and segregated these grids into 4 zones. Every 5 min, the study recorded the proportion of time spent in these zones with the leopards'...
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The role of zoos in the rehabilitation of animals in the circus
Contributor(s):: Gupta, B. K., Bipul, Chakraborty
In 1998, the government of India enforced a ban on performance/exhibition of 5 species of nonhuman animals: (a) lions, (b) tigers, (c) leopards, (d) bears, and (e) monkeys. The Ministry of Environment and Forests gave the responsibility to the Central Zoo Authority (CZA) for rehabilitation of...
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Behavioral abnormalities in captive nonhuman primates
Contributor(s):: Avanti, Mallapur, Choudhury, B. C.
In this study, we dealt with 11 species of non-human primates across 10 zoos in India. We recorded behaviour as instantaneous scans between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. In the study, we segregated behaviours for analyses into abnormal, undesirable, active, and resting. The 4 types of abnormal behaviour...
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Social life of captive Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) in Southern India: implications for elephant welfare
Contributor(s):: Varadharajan, Vanitha, Krishnamoorthy, Thiyagesan, Nagarajan, Baskaran
Asian elephants in the wild live in complex social societies; in captivity, however, management often occurs in solitary conditions, especially at the temples and private places of India. To investigate the effect of social isolation, this study assessed the social group sizes and the presence of...
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The biopolitics of animal being and welfare: dog control and care in the UK and India
Contributor(s):: Krithika, Srinivasan
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Non-economic incentives to improve animal welfare: positive competition as a driver for change among owners of draught and pack animals in India
Contributor(s):: Pritchard, J. C., Dijk, L. van, Ali, M., Pradhan, S. K.
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Non-violence towards animals in the thinking of Gandhi: the problem of animal husbandry
Contributor(s):: Burgat, F.
The question of the imperatives induced by the Gandhian concept of non-violence towards animals is an issue that has been neglected by specialists on the thinking of the Mahatma. The aim of this article is to highlight the systematic - and significant - character of this particular aspect of his...
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Assessment of the welfare of working horses, mules and donkeys, using health and behaviour parameters
Contributor(s):: Pritchard, J. C., Lindberg, A. C., Main, D. C. J., Whay, H. R.
Working animals provide an essential transport resource in developing countries worldwide. Many of these animals are owned by poor people and work in harsh environments, so their welfare is a cause for concern. A protocol was developed to assess the welfare of working horses, mules and donkeys in...
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Role of youth in animal welfare
Contributor(s):: Katoch, R. C., Shivani, Katoch
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Behavioural problems in dogs - a review
Contributor(s):: Srivastava, A. K.
Behaviour is the action due to the relationship between the animal and its environment. Behavioural responses are adaptive for survival. The behaviour includes all processes by which an individual senses the external world and the internal state of its body and responds to the change which it...
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Animal consciousness and ethics in Asia and the Pacific
Contributor(s):: Macer, D.
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Draught animal welfare
Contributor(s):: Ramaswamy, N. S.
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A note on enrichment for captive lion-tailed macaques ( Macaca silenus )
Contributor(s):: Mallapur, A., Waran, N., Anindya, Sinha
Two enrichment techniques were devised with the aim of reducing stress and improving welfare for captive lion-tailed macaques in an Indian zoo. In Study A, a log, cotton ropes and a feeding basket were added to the enclosures in different combinations to provide structural and feeding enrichment...
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Preliminary observations on the differences in reproductive behaviour between breeding and non-breeding captive lion-tailed macaques ( Macaca silenus ) housed in Indian zoos
Contributor(s):: Mallapur, A., Waran, N., Seaman, S., Anindya, Sinha
Rearing history and levels of abnormal behaviour exhibited by lion-tailed macaques housed in Indian zoos was found to influence their ability to breed. Proven breeders were born in zoos while the non-breeding individuals were confiscated from private owners. Proven breeders also exhibited...
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Influence of visitor presence on the behaviour of captive lion-tailed macaques ( Macaca silenus ) housed in Indian zoos
Contributor(s):: Avanti, Mallapur, Anindya, Sinha, Waran, N.
To study the influence of 'visitor presence' on captive lion-tailed macaques, a behavioural study (Short Term Effects) was conducted on 30 individuals housed in 8 zoos across India. The study animals were observed on 'visitor presence' days and on 'visitor absence' days, which were zoo holidays....
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Factors influencing the behaviour and welfare of captive lion-tailed macaques in Indian zoos
Contributor(s):: Avanti, Mallapur, Waran, N., Anindya, Sinha
A behavioural study was conducted on 47 lion-tailed macaques housed in 13 zoos across India. An ethogram was constructed and behavioural observations conducted using qualitative sampling ad libitum, focal animal sampling and instantaneous scans. Sampling was conducted only during the day when...
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Family traditions for mahouts of Asian elephants
Contributor(s):: Hart, L., Sundar
The mahout and elephant relationship is one of the oldest human-animal relationships, possibly beginning as far back as 5,000 years ago. Valued for their assistance in war and work, elephants were trained and managed using methods described in ancient Indian texts. The lifelong job of mahouts...
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Frequency of nose and tail injuries in cattle and water buffalo at livestock markets in Bangladesh
Contributor(s):: Alam, M. R., Gregory, N. G., Uddin, M. S., Jabbar, M. A., Chowdhury, S., Debnath, N. C.
A total of 560 cattle and water buffalo were examined at livestock markets in Bangladesh. The aim was to assess the frequency of nose and tail injuries that could have occurred during handling and transport. The frequency of nose piercing was 64
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Frequency of dehydration and metabolic depletion in cattle and water buffalo transported from India to a livestock market in Bangladesh
Contributor(s):: Alam, M. R., Gregory, N. G., Jabbar, M. A., Uddin, M. S., Widdicombe, J. P., Kibria, A. S. M. G., Khan, M. S. I., Mannan, A.
The effects of presumed long distance transport on blood parameters were examined in cattle and water buffalo exported from India to Bangladesh. The aim was to assess the welfare of the animals in terms of the frequency of dehydration, metabolic depletion and muscle injury or activation, when...
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Observer reliability for working equine welfare assessment: problems with high prevalences of certain results
Contributor(s):: Burn, C. C., Pritchard, J. C., Whay, H. R.
Welfare issues relevant to equids working in developing countries may differ greatly to those of sport and companion equids in developed countries. In this study, we test the observer reliability of a working equine welfare assessment, demonstrating how prevalence of certain observations reduces...