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Contagious Yawning in African Elephants (Loxodonta africana): Responses to Other Elephants and Familiar Humans
| Contributor(s):: Zoë T. Rossman, Clare Padfield, Debbie Young, Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart
While spontaneous yawning is common across all vertebrate classes, contagious yawning is less common and has been observed only in a few species of social animals. Interspecific contagious yawning in response to yawning by humans has been observed only by chimpanzees and dogs. After...
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Ethnoprimatology of Urban Cebus Yuracus: An evaluation of Human-non-human interactions and local perceptions in Misahualli, Ecuador
| Contributor(s):: Sofia Castro-Loza
Little is known about the group of white-fronted capuchins (Cebus yuracus) coexisting alongside humans in the town of Misahuallí, Tena, Ecuador. This ethnoprimatological study focuses on the human-nonhuman interactions and the perceptions of the local people about the capuchin group....
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More-Than-Human and Deeply Human Perspectives on COVID-19
| Contributor(s):: Elizabeth Lunstrum, Neel Ahuja, Bruce Braun, Rosemary Collard, Patricia J. Lopez, Rebecca W.Y. Wong
This multi-authored contribution explores what the COVID-19 pandemic demands of critical inquiry with a focus on the more-than-human. We show how COVID-19 is a complex series of multispecies encounters shaped by humans, non-human animals, and of course viruses. Central to these encounters is a...
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Risk-enhancing behaviors associated with human injuries from bison encounters at Yellowstone National Park, 2000–2015
| Contributor(s):: Cara Cherry, Kirsten M. Leong, Rick Wallen, Danielle Buttke
Yellowstone National Park is home to the largest bison population on public land in the United States. Although Yellowstone regulations require visitors to remain at least 23 m from bison, since 1980, bison have injured more visitors to Yellowstone than any other animal. We examined a series of...
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Invasive Species Terminology: Standardizing for Stakeholder Education
| Contributor(s):: Basil V. Iannone III, Shannon Carnevale, Martin B. Main, Jeff E. Hill, Julie B. McConnell, Steven A. Johnson, Stephen F. Enloe, Michael Andreu, Emily C. Bell, James P. Cuda, Shirley M. Baker
The excessive number of terms associated with invasive species, and their often incorrect usage, hinders stakeholder education about the threats of invasive species. Here we introduce seven terms (native, nonnative, introduced, established, invasive, nuisance,...
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Assessing Owl Collisions with US Civil and US Air Force Aircraft
| Contributor(s):: Kimberly E. Linnell
Collisions between wildlife and aircraft (wildlife strikes) pose notable risks. Previous research has found that a variety of birds and mammals are involved in wildlife strikes, but no comprehensive evaluation of collisions between owl and aircraft (owl strikes) has been conducted. We queried...
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Toward Human-Carnivore Coexistence: Understanding Tolerance for Tigers in Bangladesh
| Contributor(s):: Chloe Inskip, Neil Carter, Shawn Riley, Thomas Roberts, Douglas MacMillan
Fostering local community tolerance for endangered carnivores, such as tigers (Panthera tigris), is a core component of many conservation strategies. Identification of antecedents of tolerance will facilitate the development of effective tolerance-building conservation action and secure...
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Conserving Vermont's Endangered Species through Designation of Critical Habitat
| Contributor(s):: Amanda M. Ramsing-Lund
Although the Endangered Species Act of 1973 is federal legislation, protection of threatened and endangered (T & E) species varies in stringency across states. H.570 (Act 145) is a Vermont law passed during the 2015-2016 legislative session that updated some of the legal protections for T...
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Changes in Tursiops truncatus Distribution and Behavior in the Drowned Cayes, Belize, and Correlation to Human Impacts
| Contributor(s):: Jazmin Garcia
Human interaction greatly influences the behavior and distribution of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). This project focuses on the distribution and behavior of bottlenose dolphins in the Drowned Cayes, Belize. Prior to the 2000s, the area was relatively undeveloped and undisturbed and...
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Food habits of coyotes, gray foxes, and bobcats in a coastal southern California urban landscape
| Contributor(s):: Rachel N. Larson, Dana J. Morin, Izabela A. Wierzbowska, Kevin R. Crooks
Many carnivores are sensitive to habitat fragmentation, and the capacity to shift diets may improve their ability to persist in urban areas. We collected and identified contents of a total of 119 scats from coyotes (Canis latrans), 58 scats from gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and...
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Can Responsible Ownership Practices Influence Hunting Behavior of Owned Cats?: Results from a Survey of Cat Owners in Chile
| Contributor(s):: Sebastián Escobar-Aguirre, Raúl A. Alegría-Morán, Javiera Calderón-Amor, Tamara A. Tadich
The domestic cat (Felis catus) has become a worldwide threat to wildlife. The potential impact of owned cats on wildlife in Chile has not been documented at a large scale. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number and type of prey that owned cats bring back in Chile and its...
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The Continuing Saga of Wild Horse Management: Finding a Balance in the Case of One of America's Iconic Symbols
| Contributor(s):: Elspeth Visser
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Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan
| Contributor(s):: Tauheed Ullah Khan, Xiaofeng Luan, Shahid Ahmad, Abdul Mannan, Waqif Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Barkat Ullah Khan, Emad Ud Din, Suman Bhattarai, Sher Shah, Sajjad Saeed, Ummay Amara
Pastoralist–wolf conflict over livestock depredation is the main factor affecting conservation of grey wolf worldwide. Very limited research has been carried out to evaluate the pattern and nature of livestock depredation by wolf. This study aims to determine the status and nature of...
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Do You Hear What I Hear? Human Perception of Coyote Group Size
| Contributor(s):: Kyle Brewster, Scott E. Henke, Alfonso Ortega, John Tomecek, Benjamin Turner
Recordings of 1 – 4 coyotes (Canis latrans) that were howling and yip-yapping were played to 427 participants who were asked to estimate the number of coyotes they perceived to hear. Participants were separated by gender (M or F), age group ( 35), resident location (urban, suburban, or...
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Assessing Risks to Wildlife from Free-Roaming Hybrid Cats: The Proposed Introduction of Pet Savannah Cats to Australia as a Case Study
| Contributor(s):: Christopher R. Dickman, Sarah M. Legge, John C. Z. Woinarski
Hybrid cats—created by crossing different species within the family Felidae—are popular pets, but they could potentially threaten native species if they escape and establish free-roaming populations. To forestall this possibility, the Australian government imposed a specific ban on...
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Human-Black Bear Conflicts
| Contributor(s):: Carl W. Lackey, Stewart W. Breck, Brian F. Wakeling, Bryant White
Most human–black bear (Ursus americanus) conflict occurs when people make anthropogenic foods like garbage, dog food, domestic poultry, or fruit trees available to bears. Bears change their behavior to take advantage of these resources and may damage property or cause public safety...
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Evaluating Trophic Rewilding as a Conservation Technique
| Contributor(s):: Aaron Sieve
The focus for this paper is to define specifically trophic rewilding, determine its efficacy as a conservation technique, and explore ways to lessen one of its key limitations. Trophic rewilding is the conservation technique whereby an extirpated keystone species or ecosystem engineer is...
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The Welfare of Pig-Hunting Dogs in Australia
| Contributor(s):: Bronwyn Orr, Richard Malik, Jacqui Norris, Mark Westman
Hunting feral pigs using dogs is a popular recreational activity in Australia. Dogs are used to flush, chase, bail, and hold feral pigs, and their use for these activities is legal in some states and territories and illegal in others. However, there is little knowledge about the health and...
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An Analysis of Rabies Incidence and Its Geographic Spread in the Buffer Area Among Orally Vaccinated Wildlife in Ukraine From 2012 to 2016
| Contributor(s):: Ivan Polupan, Maksym Bezymennyi, Yurii Gibaliuk, Zhanna Drozhzhe, Oleksii Rudoi, Vitalii Ukhovskyi, Vitalii Nedosekov, Marco De Nardi
The statistics of rabies cases in Volyn, Lviv, and Zakarpattia oblasts of Ukraine from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed to establish spatial–temporal distribution of rabies endemic outbreaks and to identify causes of widespread infections among wild and domestic animals. The occurrence of...
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Toxoplasma gondii in domiciled dogs and cats in urban areas of Brazil: risk factors and spatial distribution
| Contributor(s):: Arruda, I. F., Millar, P. R., Barbosa, A. da S., Abboud, L. C. de S., Reis, I. C. dos, Moreira, A. S. da C., Guimaraes, M. P. de P., Amendoeira, M. R. R.
